Custom service for recombinant oncolytic Newcastle disease virus

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an enveloped, negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae. Its genome encodes multiple key structural and functional proteins, including nucleocapsid protein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein (HN), fusion protein (F), and large polymerase protein (L). The NDV envelope surface primarily contains two glycoproteins, HN and F, where HN protein mediates virus binding to host cell receptors, and F protein mediates fusion of the viral envelope with the cell membrane, thereby facilitating virus entry into host cells. Owing to its favorable engineering potential and established foundation in tumor research, NDV has become one of the important research vectors for oncolytic virus development.

Advantages of recombinant Newcastle disease virus as an oncolytic virus

1. Efficient gene delivery vector

The NDV genome is single-stranded RNA, allowing easy genetic engineering manipulation, and it maintains high infectivity after insertion of exogenous genes.

The LaSota vaccine strain (wild-type) has high safety and has been validated in multiple preclinical and clinical trials.

2. Selective targeting of tumor cells with high safety

Natural targeting: NDV selectively infects tumor cells, and due to defects in the interferon (IFN) pathway in tumor cells, the virus replicates more readily within them.

Low pathogenicity: NDV is an avian virus with no pathogenicity to humans; intravenous administration causes only mild fever or fatigue, with no reports of serious adverse events.

3. Dual antitumor mechanism of action

Direct tumor lysis: NDV replicates rapidly within tumor cells, directly lysing cancer cells and releasing progeny viruses to continue infecting neighboring cells.

Activation of systemic immunity: By inserting a porcine gene (e.g., NDV-GT), tumor cells express αGal antigen on their surface, triggering naturally occurring anti-Gal antibodies in humans, which induce complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), leading to tumor vascular occlusion and immune cell infiltration.